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Mumbai ou Bombay (Marâthî: मुंबई, Mumbaī, /ˈmumbəi/, en marâthî : Mumba « déesse » et Aai « mère ») est la capitale de l'État indien du Maharashtra. La ville même, dont la population était d'environ 12 millions lors du recensement de 2001, compte un peu plus de 16 millions d'habitants en 2006. Ville d'Inde la plus peuplée, elle forme avec les villes satellites de Navi Mumbai, Bhiwandi, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar et Thane, une agglomération de plus de 22,3 millions d'habitants, soit une des dix plus importantes au monde (2ème en Inde, après Delhi).

Bombay est la capitale commerciale de l'Inde. Elle génère 5 % du PIB et son activité représente 25 % de la production industrielle, 40 % du commerce maritime et 70 % des transactions de capitaux de l'économie indienne. Bombay compte parmi les dix plus importantes plate-formes financières mondiales par l'importance des flux de capitaux ; elle abrite la Banque de réserve indienne, la Bourse de Bombay, la Bourse nationale d'Inde et les sièges sociaux de nombreuses sociétés indiennes et multinationales. Enfin, capitale du divertissement, la ville abrite la plupart des studios de film et de télévision indiens, à Bollywood.

L’importance économique de Bombay ainsi que son haut niveau de vie en comparaison avec le reste de l’Inde attirent des migrants de toutes les régions du pays, qui assurent à la ville une intense diversité sociale et culturelle.

Mumbai formerly known as Bombay ( /bɒmˈbeɪ/), is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fifth most populous city in the world, with a population of approximately 12.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. As of 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.

The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands came under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the British with large-scale civil engineering projects, and emerged as a significant trading town. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. It was renamed Mumbai in 1995.

Mumbai is the commercial and entertainment capital of India, generating 5% of India's GDP, and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust & JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy. Mumbai is home to important financial institutions such as the Reserve Bank of India, the Bombay Stock Exchange, the National Stock Exchange of India and the corporate headquarters of numerous Indian companies and multinational corporations. It houses some of India's premier scientific and nuclear institutes like BARC, NPCL, IREL, TIFR, AERB, AECI, and the Department of Atomic Energy. The city also houses India's Hindi (Bollywood) and Marathi film and television industry. Mumbai's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over India and, in turn, make the city a potpourri of many communities and cultures.